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Mosaic of Dionysos

           This mosaic is the most significant archeological evidence we have that Dionysos was important to Emperor Galerius, that is the mosaic found in the triclinium of Felix Romuliana. The mosaic depicts the god Dionysos at a feast. Dionysos is depicted sitting down holding a drinking cup. There is a leopard laying down behind him and many vines are seen in the background. Like many mosaics of the time, this mosaic was created using a technique called opus vermiculatum (Živić 2011, 136). Opus vermiculatum is a type of mosaic that uses small cubes to form the detail of the image (“Opus Vermiculatum”). These cubes are called tesserae and allow for the better shading of colors in detailed mosaics like the one of Dionysos. The cubes are made of various types of materials, mostly marble, and are around 2 mm to 8mm in size (Živić 2011, 136). The colors of the mosaic share a common color pattern with the rest of the mosaics found at the palace. They are all together made up of about eight different colors and twenty-nine shades of those colors (Živić 2011, 133 - 136). The main colors found in this specific mosaic are various shades of red, yellow, green and white. The mosaic was found intact and placed into the floor along with all of the other mosaics found at Felix Romuliana. It was specifically found at the entrance of the triclinium (Živić 2011,133).

             It is important to note that the triclinium is where dining took place (Peck). This was the room where the Emperor and his distinguished guests would eat food, drink wine, and discuss political matters. Therefore, it is significant that the mosaic was found at the entrance of the triclinium where everyone would see it when they first walked in. Due to its location we can conclude that the Emperor’s guests would take notice of the mosaic and that is most likely what he intended. Why would Galerius choose to have the mosaic of Dionysos at the entrance of an important room if he didn’t think the god important? 

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